# Roaming on Nitro Network ## Roaming Architecture ### **Network Reference Model** Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows the Network Reference Model (NRM) for the LoRaWAN architecture. ![Figure 1: LoRaWan Network Reference Model (NRM), End-Device at Home](/files/929QN2xyYUcxEzA1Bank) ### Roaming Architecture Model ![](/files/vNyq2WGWtLEHvONUw9kq) ### **End-Device** The end-device is a sensor or an actuator. The end-device is wirelessly connected to a LoRaWAN network through Nitro ION Miners. The application layer of the end-device is connected to a specific Application Server in the cloud. All application layer payloads of this end-device are routed to its corresponding Application Server. --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://docs.nitro.network/lorawan-on-nitro-network/roaming-on-nitro-network.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.